The research conducted on Polish healthcare system, the subject defined in literature as a group of individuals and institutions in charge of providing healthcare to people, indicates that it has evolved over the years taking a cue from the other countries‘ solutions. The healthcare system has gone through essential structural changes several times. The major changes aimed at developing free and universal healthcare. The need for these changes originated from constitutional conditions aimed at subodination of healthcare structures to the authorities. Despite many attempts to reconstruct the system, the functioning of healthcare sector was not effective. There were different causes of healthcare poor condition and they all resulted from political and economical systems‘ conditions as well as the low living standard and the state’s poor development.

Key words: healthcare system, free and universal healthcare, effective functioning of the healthcare system.