Introduction. Kidney transplantation is currently the best method of renal replacement therapy. It is “competitive” to other forms of treatment, because significantly enhances the quality and duration of a patient’s life. However, this method involves immunosuppressive therapy, changes in normal life rhythm and possibility of early and late complications. Aim. The aim of the study is to compare patients expectations of renal transplantation in relation to problems associated with hemodialysis. Material and methods. The information was gathered from 14 dialysis centers in Mazowieckie district, with the use of a self prepared, 58 points questionnaire. The study involved 74 patients undergoing hemodialysis, who had been accepted to a waiting list for kidney transplantation. Results. Sixty two percent of patients report problems during dialysis, 12% report permanent weakness to perform daily activities. According to 96% of the respondents, transplantation is a better form of treatment than hemodialysis. Seventy six percent believe in the success of the transplantation and 93% believe that their life will improve after transplantation. Conclusions. Kidney transplantation is an opportunity of better life. It is a much better form of treatment than hemodialysis, giving the hope of returning to physical and professional activity for over 50% of the respondents. Recipients expect improvement of life quality after transplantation, but there is the need of change of everyday life in order to achieve it.

Key words: hemodialysis, kidney transplantation, expectations of patient.