Phakomatoses, or neurocutaneous syndromes, are chronic multisystem disorders. The most common of them include Recklinghausen’s disease and tuberous sclerosis. They predispose to conditions such as epilepsy, autism, ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), and mental retardation, thus contributing to bio--psycho-social problems. The range of these syndromes requires the highest standard of nursing care. To look after ill children and their families, a nurse must have extensive knowledge, experience, empathy and altruism. In the ward a nurse plays multiple roles of psychologist, educationalist, someone who supports patients and helps them to accept their diseases. At work she makes an accurate nursing diagnosis which shows what actions should be taken to improve the quality of life of both children and their families.

Key words: phakomatosis, tuberous sclerosis, Recklinghausen’s disease, child.