Introduction. The most important change a person encounters in life is during their birth. There is a change in the environment from a relatively sterile in-utero environment to a retrouterine through. Infectious diseases remain one of the main challenges in medicine among newborns. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the type of infection occurring in newborns hospitalized at the PUM Neonatology Clinic in Police. Material and methods. Fifty-five children from the PUM Neonatology Clinic at SPSK No. 1 in Police were qualified for the study. This paper is a single-centre observational study based on retrospective data analysis. Statistical analysis was performed in The R Project program, version 3.6.2. Results. The most common type of infection among children was pneumonia (56.36%). Premature babies had a significantly higher incidence of pneumonia (77.42%). Children born both through physiological delivery and caesarean section were more likely to have pneumonia (40.00% and 65.71%). Pneumonia (78.95%; 44.44%) was diagnosed in medium and good fairing newborns according to the Apgar scale. Over 52% of children were born with birth weights ≤ 2500 g, and significantly more often, they suffered from pneumonia (72.41%). In the case of swabs collected from the children, the negative result prevailed (58.18%), as in the case of collected cultures (70.91%). The most common types of pathogenic bacteria among children were: Escherichia coli (14.55%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.55%) and Enterobacter cloacae (9.09%). Conclusions. 1) Prematurity and low birth weight are significant risk factors that affect the occurrence of pneumonia in newborns. 2) Premature drainage of amniotic fluid has no particular effect on the occurrence of infections in newborns, but if fetal water drains for more than 6 hours, pneumonia predominates. 3) Positive maternal GBS carriage is not a clear risk of vertical transmission to the newborn in the perinatal period.

Key words: infection, newborn, pneumonia.